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Tema 1 — Advanced tenses review
Repaso avanzado de todos los tiempos verbales para la EVAU. Narrative tenses: Past Simple (eventos principales), Past Continuous (fondo), Past Perfect (acción anterior). Present Perfect Simple vs Continuous: resultado (I have read 3 books) frente a duración (I have been reading all morning). Future forms: will (predicción), going to (plan), Present Continuous (cita fija), Future Perfect (By next year, I will have graduated), Future Continuous (At 8 pm, I will be studying). Clave en la EVAU: elegir el tiempo correcto según el contexto.
Conceptos clave:
Narrative tenses: Past Simple + Past Continuous + Past Perfect en narración
Present Perfect Simple vs Continuous: resultado vs duración/proceso
Future Perfect: will have + pp (acción completada antes de un momento futuro)
Future Continuous: will be + -ing (acción en curso en un momento futuro)
Used to / Would: hábitos pasados (used to = estados y acciones; would = solo acciones)
Tema 2 — Conditionals: all types + mixed + inversions
Conditionals full review: Zero (general truths), 1st (real future), 2nd (unreal present), 3rd (unreal past). Mixed: 3rd→2nd («If I had accepted the job, I would be rich now») or 2nd→3rd («If I were braver, I would have spoken»). Inversions (formal): «Had I known…» = «If I had known…», «Were I rich…» = «If I were rich…», «Should you need…» = «If you should need…».
Conceptos clave:
Mixed 3rd→2nd: past cause, present result
Mixed 2nd→3rd: trait, past situation
Inversion Had: Had I known = If I had known
Inversion Were: Were I = If I were
Inversion Should: Should you = If you should
0/2 ejercicios completados
Ejercicio 1Intermedio
"Had I known, I would have helped." — Rewrite with "If".
💡 Pista: Had I known = If I had known (inversion).
📝 Ver solución paso a paso
Paso 1**If I had known**, I would have helped (3rd conditional)
Ejercicio 2Avanzado
"If I had taken that job, I ___ (be) in New York now." (mixed)
💡 Pista: Past cause → present result: would + base.
📝 Ver solución paso a paso
Paso 1Mixed 3rd→2nd: **would be** (not would have been)
Tema 3 — Passive voice: advanced structures
Estructuras pasivas avanzadas para la EVAU. Pasiva impersonal con verbos de opinión: It is said that he is rich / He is said to be rich. Funciona con: say, believe, think, know, expect, report, consider. Have/Get something done (causativa): I had my car repaired (alguien lo hizo por mí). Pasiva con modales: This should be finished by Friday. Pasiva con phrasal verbs: The meeting was put off (la preposición no se separa).
Conceptos clave:
It is said that…: pasiva impersonal (It is believed that she left the country)
Subject + is said + to-infinitive: She is said to have left the country
Have something done: I had my hair cut (causativa — alguien lo hace por ti)
Get something done: informal de have sth done (I got my phone fixed)
Pasiva con phrasal verbs: The factory was shut down; The project was carried out
Tema 4 — Reported speech: advanced
Reported Speech avanzado para la EVAU. Además del backshift básico: reporting verbs específicos: admit, deny, refuse, offer, suggest, warn, recommend, apologize. Patrones: verb + -ing (She denied stealing), verb + to-inf (He offered to help), verb + object + to-inf (She warned me not to go), verb + (that) + clause (He admitted that he had lied). Suggest: suggest + -ing (She suggested going out) o suggest + (that) + subjuntivo (He suggested that we go).
Conceptos clave:
Deny + -ing: She denied taking the money
Offer/Refuse + to-inf: He offered to drive us / She refused to answer
Warn + obj + not to: They warned us not to swim there
Suggest + -ing / that + subj: She suggested meeting at 6 / that we meet at 6
Apologize for + -ing: He apologized for being late
Tema 5 — Modal verbs: deduction past and present
Modal verbs for deduction: Present: must be (certain +), can’t be (certain −), might/could/may be (possible). Past: must have + pp (certain +), can’t have + pp (certain −), might/could/may have + pp (possible). Should have + pp: criticism/regret («You should have studied harder»). Needn’t have + pp: did something unnecessary («You needn’t have bought milk — we have some»).
Conceptos clave:
Must be: certain (present)
Must have + pp: certain (past)
Can’t be / Can’t have: certain negative
Should have + pp: criticism/regret
Needn’t have + pp: unnecessary action done
Tema 6 — Relative clauses, participle clauses, cleft sentences
Relative clauses: defining (sin comas, identifica) y non-defining (con comas, añade info). Participle clauses simplifican relativas: Present participle (-ing) para activas (The woman sitting there is my aunt = who is sitting), Past participle (-ed) para pasivas (The book written by Orwell is famous = which was written). Cleft sentences enfatizan un elemento: It was in 1969 that man landed on the Moon. What I really want is peace. The reason why I came is that I need help.
Conceptos clave:
Participle clause (present): -ing sustituye who is/was + -ing (active)
Participle clause (past): -ed sustituye which was + -ed (passive)
It + be + focus + that/who: It was Mary who told me (énfasis en Mary)
What-clause: What surprised me was his reaction
The thing/reason/place + relative: The reason why I called was to apologize
Tema 7 — Wish, regret, and unreal past
Wish/If only + Past Simple: deseo sobre el presente (I wish I spoke Chinese — pero no lo hablo). Wish/If only + Past Perfect: arrepentimiento del pasado (If only I had studied harder — pero no estudié). Wish + would: queja sobre el comportamiento de otros (I wish you would stop smoking). It’s (high) time + Past Simple: es hora de (It’s time we left). Would rather + Past Simple: preferencia sobre otros (I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone).
Conceptos clave:
Wish + Past Simple: deseo presente irreal (I wish I were taller)
Wish + Past Perfect: arrepentimiento pasado (I wish I had gone to the party)
Wish + would: queja (I wish it would stop raining)
It’s time + Past Simple: It’s time you got a job (ya deberías)
Would rather + Past Simple: I’d rather you came tomorrow (prefiero que vengas)
Tema 8 — Linking words and discourse
Conectores avanzados esenciales para la EVAU. Concesión: although/even though + clause, despite/in spite of + noun/-ing, nevertheless, yet. Causa: due to, owing to, on account of + noun; since, as, seeing that + clause. Consecuencia: therefore, consequently, hence, thus, as a result. Contraste: whereas, while, on the other hand, conversely. Adición: furthermore, moreover, not only… but also, in addition to. Tiempo: once, as soon as, by the time, no sooner… than.
Conceptos clave:
Although vs Despite: although + clause / despite + noun/-ing (mismo significado)
Not only… but also: inversión con not only al inicio (Not only did he win…)
No sooner… than: No sooner had I arrived than it started raining
Provided (that) / As long as: condición (You can go provided you finish first)
Otherwise / Or else: si no (Hurry up, otherwise we’ll be late)
Tema 9 — Essay writing for university exams
En la EVAU, el writing suele pedir un essay de opinión (120-150 palabras). Estructura: Introducción (presenta el tema, NO tu opinión aún), Párrafo 2 (argumentos a favor con ejemplos), Párrafo 3 (argumentos en contra o contraargumento), Conclusión (tu opinión personal). Usa conectores variados (moreover, however, on the other hand). Evita: repetir palabras, empezar con «I think», usar contracciones. Registra formal: It could be argued that…, There is no doubt that…, To conclude…
Conceptos clave:
Estructura: Intro → Arguments for → Arguments against → Conclusion
Registro formal: no contracciones, no slang, conectores sofisticados
Openers: It is widely believed that…, Nowadays…, In recent years…
Conclusión: In conclusion, To sum up, All things considered, On balance
Errores comunes EVAU: I think repetido, frases cortas sin conectar, vocabulario básico
Tema 10 — Use of English and vocabulary
El Use of English de la EVAU incluye: Word formation (cambiar la categoría gramatical: success → successful → successfully), Key word transformation (reescribir frases manteniendo el significado: «It’s ages since I saw her» → I haven’t seen her for ages), Fill in the gaps (preposiciones, phrasal verbs, collocations). False friends comunes: actually ≠ actualmente (= currently), library ≠ librería (= bookshop), sensible ≠ sensible (= sensitive).
Conceptos clave:
Word formation: prefijos (un-, dis-, mis-) y sufijos (-tion, -ness, -ful, -less, -ly)
Key word transformation: mantener el significado con estructura diferente
Phrasal verbs frecuentes: give up, carry out, look forward to, put off, turn down
Collocations: make a decision (NOT do), do homework (NOT make), take a photo